{"id":726,"date":"2013-11-11T12:22:34","date_gmt":"2013-11-11T17:22:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.darden.virginia.edu\/ibis\/?p=726"},"modified":"2017-11-06T15:48:07","modified_gmt":"2017-11-06T20:48:07","slug":"bpa-and-the-question-of-replacement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.darden.virginia.edu\/ibis\/2013\/11\/11\/bpa-and-the-question-of-replacement\/","title":{"rendered":"BPA and the Question of Replacement"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><figure id=\"attachment_728\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-728\" style=\"width: 263px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.darden.virginia.edu\/ibis\/files\/2013\/11\/thumb.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-728\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.darden.virginia.edu\/ibis\/files\/2013\/11\/thumb.jpg\" alt=\"In 2009, many parents posted pictures on blogs like this one, informing others of which baby bottles did not contain BPA\" width=\"263\" height=\"193\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-728\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many\u00a0mothers&#8217; blogs\u00a0posted pictures like this one, informing others of which baby bottles did not contain BPA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span class=\"has-dropcap\">S<\/span>ome firms proactively replace chemicals that have been labeled as potentially-hazardous substances.\u00a0 Perhaps they want to avoid the chance of regulation in the future or perhaps the market is inducing replacement because consumers are demanding products free from the substance in question.\u00a0 If firms do not proactively replace these potentially-hazardous substances, how can non-governmental organizations (NGOs) influence companies to take action?\u00a0 When should NGOs target industry and when they should target regulatory bodies given the existence of potentially-hazardous substances in consumer products?<\/p>\n<p>This question is the subject of a paper co-authored by Assistant Professor <a href=\"http:\/\/www.darden.virginia.edu\/web\/Faculty-Research\/Directory\/Full-time\/Timothy-C-Kraft\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tim Kraft<\/a> (along with Yanchong Zheng, MIT, and Feryal Erhun, Stanford).\u00a0 It is the first to analytically study an activist organization\u2019s strategic choice of where to allocate (often scarce) resources under different market and regulatory conditions. Often a substance such as bisphenol-A (BPA) is not regulated by a government; however, scientists and consumers remain concerned about the potential harm to human health that could result from repeated exposure.\u00a0 Using game theory, Kraft and his colleagues suggest best practices for NGOs, strategic recommendations that depend on market structure, potential environmental benefit, and the degree to which the organization is willing to be pragmatic.\u00a0 For instance, more pragmatic NGOs (meaning NGOs that consider firms\u2019 profits) should leverage competition between firms to ensure that a replacement becomes available to consumers.<\/p>\n<p>This paper was recently published in a special issue of <i>Manufacturing and Service Operations Management<\/i> on sustainability and operations management (Fall 2013) and can be downloaded <a href=\"http:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2255729\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Kraft recently published <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/poms.12021\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a related paper<\/a> in <i>Production and Operations Management<\/i> (July-August 2013), from the viewpoint of corporations\u2019 decisions of whether or not to replace a potentially-hazardous substance and the timing of a company\u2019s investment decisions.\u00a0 He and Associate Professor <a href=\"http:\/\/www.darden.virginia.edu\/web\/Faculty-Research\/Directory\/Full-time\/Gal-Raz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gal Raz<\/a> have also written a paper that examines whether opportunities exist for companies to not compete on toxicity but to instead work together to replace a potentially hazardous substance. It is currently available <a href=\"http:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2345884\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a> for download from SSRN.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Some firms proactively replace chemicals that have been labeled as potentially-hazardous substances.\u00a0 Perhaps they want to avoid the chance of regulation in the future or perhaps the market is inducing replacement because consumers are demanding products free from the substance in question.\u00a0 If firms do not proactively replace these potentially-hazardous substances, how can non-governmental organizations [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57,"featured_media":728,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29114,24858],"tags":[56881,56883,56882,56884,35192],"class_list":["post-726","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-in-the-news","category-research-thought-leadership","tag-bpa","tag-game-theory","tag-ngos","tag-potentially-hazardous-substances","tag-tim-kraft","post_format-post-format-image"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.10 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>BPA and the Question of Replacement - Institute for Business in Society at Darden<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"- Some firms proactively replace chemicals that have been labeled as 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